Low birth weight lbw deliveries contribute to high neonatal mortality rates. Sometimes, these two factors collide in a manner which yields an infant much smaller than normal, and sometimes they collide to yield an infant much larger th. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes boston. In this study, we determined the maternal factors that contribute to low birth weight lbw deliveries in tshwane district, south africa. The manifest importance of reducing the incidence of low birth weight is most obvious for the first year of life. The factors vary from one area to another, depending upon geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Nov 26, 2018 different primary studies in ethiopia showed the burden of low birth weight. When considering a foetus that is small for its gestational age, it is important to differentiate whether this is due to intrauterine growth restriction iugr, prematurity or other constitutional factors. Prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in axum. Factors associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Pdf maternal factors contributing to low birth weight deliveries in. A funnel plot and eggers regression test were used to see publication bias.
Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies med j malaysia vol 68 no 1 february 20 45 odds ratios were used to test the association between birth weight and maternal variables. Premature birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction are the most common causes of low birthweight. Assessment of factors contributing to health outcomes in the. Social and anthropometric factors explaining racial. Nov 23, 2019 low birth weight lbw is the medical classification for a baby who weighs less than 2500 gramsor 5 lbs 5 ozat birth. In recent years, studies focused on explaining how social factors influence this problem have shown that populations with greater inequities have a greater proportion of newborns with lbw. A crosssectional study involving pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the sunyani municipal hospital was conducted. There are large disparities in the prevalence of lbw by race and ethnicity, especially between african american and white women. Third, according to the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis 3, low birth weight is a risk factor for future lifestylerelated diseases.
The purpose of the current study was to identify factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the sunyani municipal hospital in ghana. Pdf study of factors affecting and causing preterm birth. Pdf the purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting low birth weight lbw at four central hospitals in vientiane, the capital city. Low birth weight and its associated factors in ethiopia. Infant mortality is nearly 30 times greater for very low birth weight births 500999 g compared with normal birth weight births 2500 g. Teen mothers especially those younger than 15 years old have a much higher risk of having a baby with low birthweight. A case control study on risk factors associated with low. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases mothers having lbw singleton babies and 159 controls mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies. Very preterm, preterm, very low birth weight, and low birth. The mortality of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques. Therefore, it is important to clarify and work toward the mitigation of factors that contribute to low birth weight. Low birth weight is one of the main risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies.
Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk factors. The prevalence of low birth weight in ethiopia remains high. Mar 03, 2016 the amount of variance in health outcomes explained by the model in the delta counties was 67% of ypll, 80% of low birth weight, and 34% of selfrated health. In ethiopia lack of adequate perinatal care is one of the factors for onset of hypothermia, there is a high prevalence of home delivery which accounts 73% and institutional deliveries accounts only 26% 17. However, there are other factors that can also contribute to the risk of very low birthweight.
Neonatal hypothermia and associated factors among neonates. We will focus on what be believe to be the most important causes. Low birthweight childrens hospital of philadelphia. Despite efforts to decrease the proportion of newborns with lbw, success has been quite limited.
The reduction of low birthweight also forms an important contribution to the millennium development. However, there is growing evidence that the adverse consequences of low birth weight continue throughout the life cycle. Weight at birth is a good indicator of the newborns chances for survival, growth, longterm health and psychosocial development. Siza national institute for medical research, mwanza research centre. Low birth weight can cause complications in adult life, and is therefore a public health concern. Pdf preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. May 28, 2016 genetics and environmental factors are the two main factors in infants size and weight. Participants a cohort of 832 lowrisk primiparous women participated in the investigation from 20102012. A step wise regression model was done where the independent variables were.
Therefore, the aimed of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in axum town, tigray, north ethiopia. Low birth weight babies are at a greater risk of dying during the first year of life and more likely to. About six in 100 babies who are born in the uk have a low birth weight hes online 2012, who 2006. What are the factors contributing to the weight of a new born. Low birth weight, birth outcome, ethiopia background globally, low birth weight lbw is one of the major public health problems of newborns 1 that. Social and anthropometric factors explaining racialethnical. Low birth weight lbw is a leading risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in the united states.
This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight lbw babies. Aug 29, 2018 environmental pollution exposure during pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for preterm birth. The statistical significance level used in this study was at p low birth weight was defined using multiple logistic regressions. Objective to identify factors contributing to the rapid rise of caesarean section in shanghai through the prospective observation of changes in the preferred mode of delivery in pregnancy among primiparous chinese women. Maternal biosocial factors affecting low birth weight. Mar 01, 2019 low birth weight continues to be a main cause of child morbidity and mortality. The relative risk of having a lbw newborn with maternal factors. Preterm birth complications are considered the leading cause of death among. Recent trends, risk factors, and disparities in low birth. Mothers knowledge, beliefs, and practices on causes and. Most studies have evaluated exposures individually and in limited study populations.
Low birth weight lbw is a public health problem linked to lack of equity in populations. Apr 21, 2017 though disparities in birth weight by raceethnicity have been extensively reported in the united states, few studies have systematically investigated factors attributing to its variability. Study of factors affecting and causing low birth weight. The objective of this study was to determine sociodemographic characteristics of empw and. Preterm birth and low birth weight vary by race and ethnicity, with rates typically highest among infants born to nonhispanic black women. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in northern tanzania j. Some low birthweight babies are healthy, but others have serious health problems that need treatment. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates. Risk factors associated with low birth weight article pdf available in journal of nepal health research council 92. Anaemia during pregnancy is linked to higher likelihoods of preterm labour, low birth weight, postnatal infection rates, low apgar scores, and infantmaternal mortality 4 79. This study was aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in ethiopia. Socioeconomic factors and low birth weight in mexico bmc. Low birthweight a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted foetal intrauterine growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals, northern.
So far, the prevalence and traditional maternal feeding practice correlates of low birth weight have not been explored well in ethiopia. Low birth weight in new born is major reason of neonatal deaths. To add to the complexity of the biologyenvironmental issue, tremblay and cote also observe that women who smoke during pregnancy tend to have low education, to be poor, to have a history of psycho. Aug 11, 2017 anaemia in pregnancy is an important health issue resulting in high maternal morbidity and mortality. Sep 17, 2015 birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. Pdf factors affecting low birth weight at four central hospitals in. Maternal factors contributing to low birth weight deliveries. Risk factors for perinatal asphyxia in newborns delivered at term. Prevalence and risk factors of lowbirthweight infants. Ors of lbw babies for those factors were high among lao mothers. It should be noted that when the nb is coming from a pregnancy considered the low risk with adequate birth weight and birth at term. Low birthweight is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. Preterm birth and low birth weight health resources and. The present study aimed to develop and examine the reliability and validity of a scale for the assessment of risk factors for low birth weight in infants born at term.
The primary cause is premature birth, being born before 37 weeks gestation. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Maternal factors contributing to low birth weight deliveries in. The proportion of anaemia is highest in the africa, with a reported prevalence of 57% in pregnant women 17 million and 68% in pre. Despite extensive research, the practice of clinical and public health, and policies devoted to reducing the number of lbw infants, the prevalence of lbw has. And while the educational completion outcome that conley and bennett. Low birth weight continues to be a main cause of child morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that pakistan has an increasing rate of children with low birth weight lbw. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates. Environmental pollution and social factors as contributors to. Improving a mothers knowledge of and practice for a healthy pregnancy needs to be. Low birth weight lbwa baby born with less than 2500 grams is a major cause of child morbidity and mortality, especially in subsaharan africa. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes what causes low birthweight.
We examined the associations between several environmental exposures, both individually and cumulatively, and risk of preterm birth in fresno county, california. Low socioeconomic status, poor kangaroo mother care practice, low birth weight. Youll hear this term if your baby weighs less than 2. While it may be scarier to care for a baby born at low birth weight, there arent many differences in your daytoday care of your newborn. Factors contributing to higher health care spending in the. Birth weight is continuously decreasing in japan since food satiation has become a problem in recent years. Though disparities in birth weight by raceethnicity have been extensively reported in the united states, few studies have systematically investigated factors attributing to its variability. Africanamerican babies are two times more likely to have low birthweight than white babies. What are the risk factors for perinatal asphyxia present in term newborn infants with asphyxia record in a neonatal unit.